Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for catheter-associated urinary tract infection in long-term care residents?

• A. Regular perineal hygiene
• B. Diabetes
• C. Prolonged catheter use
• D. Female sex

Answer: (C)

Regular perineal hygiene lowers the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infection by reducing bacterial colonization around the urethral opening and minimizing contamination during catheter care. In contrast, risk increases with how long the catheter remains in place, since the catheter provides a continuous route for bacteria to ascend and biofilm to form. Diabetes can impair immune defenses and increase urinary glucose, both of which promote infection, making it a risk factor. Female sex also increases risk due to anatomy—a shorter urethra and its proximity to the perineal area facilitate bacterial entry. So the factor that is NOT a risk factor is regular perineal hygiene, because it decreases risk rather than increases it. In practice, minimize catheter duration when possible and maintain meticulous hygiene and aseptic technique to prevent CAUTI.