Secondary prevention includes which of the following?

• A. Vaccinations
• B. Rehabilitation after stroke
• C. Screening tests
• D. Reducing sodium intake

Answer: (C)

Secondary prevention focuses on finding disease early, before symptoms appear, so that treatment can prevent progression and avoid complications. Screening tests are a classic example because they look for conditions in people who don’t yet feel ill, enabling early diagnosis and timely management to improve outcomes.

Vaccinations prevent disease from occurring in the first place, which is primary prevention. Rehabilitation after stroke helps reduce disability after a disease has already manifested, which is tertiary prevention. Reducing sodium intake lowers risk factors for hypertension and heart disease, also a form of primary prevention aimed at preventing the disease from developing.